On November 13, 1961, WCBB signed on from Lewiston as the first educational television station in Maine and the third in New England, after WGBH-TV in Boston and WENH-TV in Durham, New Hampshire. Licensed to Augusta, it was a joint venture of Colby College, Bates College, and Bowdoin College. Two years later, WMEB-TV began broadcasting from the University of Maine campus in Orono, near Bangor. Over the next decade, UMaine signed on three other stations across the state, as well as several translators. These stations formed the original MPBN network. One of them was WMEG-TV in Biddeford, near Portland (now WMEA-TV); however, it was (and still is) practically unviewable over the air in Portland itself and points north.

The University of Maine System brought public radio to the state in 1970, when WMEH signed on from Bangor. Five other stations signed on over the next decade.

The two groups merged on July 1, 1992 to form the community-licensed Maine Public Broadcasting Corporation. MPBN's Bangor stations, WMEB-TV and WMEH (FM), became the flagship stations. The television stations adopted the on-air name "Maine Public Television", but dropped this in favor of "Maine PBS" in 1998. The radio stations became known as "Maine Public Radio". In 2006, they reverted to the "MPBN" moniker.

Following the merger, WMEA-TV became the flagship station for a secondary PBS service, Maine Public Television Plus; unlike the main network, this service expanded its over-the-air reach through the use of low-power repeaters—W39BQ in Lewiston, which signed on January 1, 1994, and W30BF in Bangor, which launched on April 16, 1994. Cuts in federal funding led to the elimination of MPT Plus on June 30, 1996; WMEA and W30BF then reverted to carrying the primary Maine Public Television service (though the latter station was sold in 1999 and is now JCTV affiliate WCKD-LP), while W39BQ eventually ceased operations.

Radio programming

MPBN's radio service carries a mixed format of news and information from NPR, PRI, and other sources. It also carries a three-hour block of classical music on weekdays between 9 a.m.and 12 noon and some evening music programming, one of the few NPR members in New England to still have a significant classical music program. Local programming includes Maine Calling, an interactive radio program hosted primarily by Jennifer Rooks and produced by Jonathan Smith. Various guests, often from Maine, are invited to participate in the discussion and audience members are encouraged to participate through calling in or through other forms of media. Accompanying NPR's All Things Considered, is Maine Things Considered, Maine's only daily statewide news program.

Television programming

MPBN's television service carries the basic PBS program schedule, along with a handful of local programs, such as "The Maine Experience" (a feature magazine series), "Maine Watch" (a weekly public-affairs program), and live coverage of the annual Maine state high-school basketball playoffs.

Controversies

Metropolitan Opera cancellation

In 2000, the live Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts on Saturday afternoons, which had been a mainstay of classical music broadcasting for more than twenty years, was discontinued. Despite Maine Public Broadcasting's claims that the opera was being dropped due to lack of popularity among listeners, a citizens' protest forced the state network to reinstate the Saturday afternoon opera a few months later.

In the course of 24 months in 2000 and 2001, in what appeared to be a plan to significantly reduce local music programming, longtime classical music hosts Victor Hathaway, Virgil Bissett, Helen York and Dave Bunker left the station. Bissett retired, Bunker moved to southern Maine after his wife gained employment there. Despite Bunker's willingness to continue his popular morning music show from the Portland studios of MPBN, he was let go and Leitha Christie hired in his place. York resigned in protest.

The "Sugartime!" episode of Postcards from Buster

In May 2005, Maine Public Broadcasting joined a few other PBS stations in showing the controversial "Sugartime!" episode of Postcards from Buster. The program is about a cartoon rabbit named Buster Baxter, who travels the country with his father and interacts with children from different cultures and in different family structures. PBS headquarters had pulled the episode from its national broadcast schedule after receiving a critical letter from newly installed Education Secretary Margaret Spellings, who was upset that Buster was visiting a Vermont family headed by two women. WGBH, the Boston-based PBS affiliate and original producer of the program, subsequently made the episode available to stations that still wished to air it on an individual basis.

The Humble Farmer

Maine humorist Robert Skoglund, a.k.a. The Humble Farmer was host of a weekly jazz and humor program of the same name on MPBN starting in 1978. The show was canceled in 2007 after a series of disagreements over whether some of Skoglund's comments were in violation of the station's policy of neutrality on political issues. In 2003, in what is known as the War Rant, Skoglund spoke about a "weasely-faced war monger from way down south who didn't even get most of the popular vote," identifying the person as the author of Mein Kampf. In 2006, he read passages from Encyclopedia Britannica about Fascism under Mussolini. MPBN management regarded these to be veiled comparisons to George W. Bush and admonished Skoglund to refrain from political commentary. On November 3, 2006 Skoglund submitted a prerecorded program in which he read a letter from a Maryland listener who described the effects of tax cuts in that state. MPBN regarded this as advocating a position on Maine's upcoming Taxpayer Bill of Rights referendum question and chose to not air the program. MPBN VP for Programming, Charles Beck, then sent Skoglund a letter outlining guidelines and warning him that further comments perceived as political would lead to the show's cancellation. Arguing that the strict guidelines were setting him up to fail, Skoglund discontinued all commentaries, speaking only to identify songs and musicians. In 2007, MPBN required on-air staff to sign a revised policy agreement on political neutrality. Skoglund refused to sign and his program was cut June 13, 2007.

Transmitter shutdowns

In December 2008, due to the economic crisis and lack of governmental funding, MPBN announced plans on temporarily closing down WMED-TV and -FM in Calais, and WMEF FM in Fort Kent, for at least six months, beginning January 2009. In addition, MPBN's radio and television stations would leave the air for five hours each night, as an energy saving measure. However, many viewers and listeners complained to MPBN for their actions. Another concern is for MPBN's role as the state's primary carrier for the Emergency Alert System, which will be hampered during the times it is not on the air, as well as in areas where aerial service has been discontinued.

In part of the response from viewers and listeners in the affected regions, MPBN delayed their closures until February 28, 2009, at earliest. On February 12, 2009, MPBN officially rescinded plans to close down the transmitters, after responses from its viewers and listeners, as well as stakeholders, legislators, and then-Governor John Baldacci.

Appropriateness of state funding

In 2012, Governor Paul LePage proposed eliminating all state funding for MPBN from the budget, referring to such aid as "corporate welfare". The Republican-controlled Legislature rejected this proposal and instead passed a budget directing MPBN funding be changed to a fee-for-service model instead of a general appropriation over the next five years.

Television stations

MPBN operates 5 full-power television stations:

Station City of license

(other cities served) Channels

(Digital) First air date Call letters'

meaning ERP

(Digital) HAAT

(Digital) Facility ID Transmitter Coordinates

WCBB Augusta

(Lewiston, Portland) 10 (VHF) November 13, 1961 Colby

Bates

Bowdoin (original owners) 29.7 kW 304 m 39659 ----------------------------------

WMEB-TV (flagship) Orono

(Bangor) 12 (VHF) September 23, 1963 Maine

Educational

Bangor 15 kW 375 m 39648 -------------------------------------

WMEM-TV Presque Isle 10 (VHF) February 17, 1964 Maine

Educational

Media 14.5 kW 353 m 39662 ---------------------------------

WMED-TV Calais 13 (VHF) September 15, 1965 Maine

EDucational 3.5 kW 134 m 39649 --------------------------------

WMEA-TV1 Biddeford (Portland) 26 (UHF) March 15, 1975 Maine

EducAtional 50 kW 231 m -------------------------------------

Notes:

1. WMEA-TV used the callsign WMEG-TV from its 1975 sign-on until 1984.

2. All main MPBN stations shut down their analog signals on January 11, 2009, over a month ahead of the original February 17 transition date, causing many of MPBN's viewers to lose the signal.

MPBN also operates 3 translator stations:

Station Analog Channel City

W04BS-D 4 Bethel

W03AM-D 3 Harrison

W05DD-D 5 St. Francis

Radio stations

MPBN operates 8 radio transmitters and 3 translators. 7 transmitters broadcast an FM signal and HD1 and HD2 channels. FM on those 7 channels and HD1 is Maine Public Radio programming. HD2, WFYB-FM and the three translators are dedicated to Maine Public Classical which contains a large amount of Classical 24 and other classical and music programming.

Station Frequency Class City Founded Facility ID

WMEA 90.1 FM C Portland April 1974 39655

WMEP 90.5 FM B Camden February 4, 2002 92566

WMEW 91.3 FM A Waterville August 30, 1984 39645

WMEH 90.9 FM B Bangor 1970 39650

WMED 89.7 FM C2 Calais June 22, 1984 39646

WMEM 106.1 FM C Presque Isle 1978 39661

WMEF 106.5 FM C3 Fort Kent September 15, 1994 39653

WFYB 91.5 FM C3 Fryeburg 2016 174153

W291CO 106.1 FM D Bangor 2015 139337

W259BY 99.7 FM D Waterville 2015 142052